Atresia ani

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Rectocutaneous fistulas, ventral and lateral to the tail in a cat with atresia ani (Courtesy of Tsioli, V et al)
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Rectocutaneous fistulas, ventral and lateral to the tail in a cat with atresia ani (Courtesy of Tsioli, V et al)
Stoma appearance after colostomy in a kitten with atresia ani (Courtesy of Tsioli, V et all)
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Stoma appearance after colostomy in a kitten with atresia ani (Courtesy of Tsioli, V et all)

Atresia ani is an uncommonly reported congenital malformation of the feline lower gastrointestinal tract, having several anatomic variations:

  • type I atresia, where the rectum terminates as a blind pouch just cranial to the anal membrane
  • type II, where the rectal pouch terminates further cranially to the membrane overlying the anus
  • type III where the terminal rectum and anus are normal but there is rectal atresia into the pelvic canal[1]
  • type IV in females, where a fistula connecting the urogenital tract and the anorectum may accompany atresia ani[2]

All feline cases reported in the literature were associated with urethrorectal or rectovaginal fistulas[3]. An intact but sometimes poorly developed external anal sphincter may also accompany these anomalies[4].

Griseofulvin has been reported as a cause of atresia when administered to pregnant Queens[5] and there may be a predisposition to this developmental disorder in Manx cats[6].

Treatment involves fecal diversion by constructing a colostomy or jejunostomy, which can be performed as a temporary or permanent solution. Complications of colostomies and jejunostomies include peristomal dermatitis and peritonitis associated with leakage of fecal material into the abdomen[7].

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References

  1. ↑ Tsioli. VT et al (2009) Use of a temporary incontinent end-on colostomy in a cat for the management of rectocutaneous fistulas associated with atresia ani. JFMS 11:1011-1014
  2. ↑ Suess, RP (1992) Rectovaginal fistula with atresia ani in three kittens. Cornell Vet. 82(2):141-53
  3. ↑ Bright, RM & Bauer, MS (1994) Surgery of the digestive system. In: Sherding, RG (ed) The Cat diseases and clinical management 2nd edn. New York. Churchill Livingstone, USA
  4. ↑ Waknitz, DW & Greer, DH (1983) Urethrorectal fistula in a cat. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 78:1551-1553
  5. ↑ Scott FW, LaHunta A, Schultz RD, Bistner SI, Riis RC. (1975) Teratogenesis in cats associated with griseofulvin therapy. Teratology. 11(1):79-86
  6. ↑ Todd, NB (1964) The Manx factor in doemstic cats. A possible genetic basis for expressivity of taillessness and other associated anomalies. J Hered. 55:225-30
  7. ↑ Chandler, JC et al (2005) Use of laraoscopic assisted jejunostomy for fecal diversion in the management of a rectocutaneous fistula in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:746-751
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